Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm, ranks among the most widespread nematode infections worldwide. Initially identified as Oxyuris vermicularis, this infection exclusively affects humans as natural hosts. It primarily spreads in crowded settings, often within family units. The worms themselves are small, thread-like, and whitish, with the distinctive pin-like tail of female worms giving rise to their name.
Pinworm infestations are most frequently observed in children. The transmission occurs through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or during sexual contact. Although most cases are asymptomatic, the infections are generally easy to treat, yet recurrences are quite common.
While children are the primary demographic for E. vermicularis infections, individuals of any age can be affected. Those living in tropical climates and school-aged children are particularly vulnerable. The infection is caused by the ingestion of pinworm eggs, with the fecal-oral route being the predominant mode of transmission.
Key risk factors for contracting pinworms include inadequate hygiene practices, consuming food after handling contaminated items, and cohabitating with an individual who has been identified as egg positive.