Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of daily life. The classification of GAD is based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Here are the key points for the classification:

• Excessive Anxiety and Worry: Individuals must experience excessive anxiety and worry about various topics for at least six months.
• Difficulty Controlling Worry: There is difficulty in controlling the worrying.
• Associated Symptoms: The anxiety must be associated with three or more of the following symptoms for at least six months:
  • Restlessness, feeling keyed up or on edge
  • Being easily fatigued
  • Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
  • Muscle tension
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Irritability
• Significant Distress or Impairment: The anxiety leads to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas.
• Not Attributable to Physical Causes: The anxiety is not caused by any physical condition.

Etiology of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The etiology of GAD is multifaceted and includes:

• Stress: Continuous exposure to stress can contribute to the development of GAD.
• Physical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes or other comorbidities like depression can be linked to GAD.
• Genetic Factors: There is a genetic component, with first-degree relatives having a 25% likelihood of developing GAD.
• Environmental Factors: Experiences such as child abuse can play a significant role.
• Substance Use Disorder: The use of substances can also be a contributing factor.